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---
title: 樣式指南
image: /images/user-guide/notes/notes_header.png
---
<Frame>
<img src="/images/user-guide/notes/notes_header.png" alt="Header" />
</Frame>
此文檔包含撰寫代碼時要遵循的規則。
目標是擁有一個一致的代碼庫,使其易於閱讀和維護。
為此,比起太過簡潔,不如稍微詳細一些。
請記住,人們讀代碼的頻率遠高於寫代碼的頻率,尤其在開源項目中,任何人都可以貢獻。
There are a lot of rules that are not defined here, but that are automatically checked by linters.
## React
### 使用函數組件
始終使用TSX函數組件。
不要使用帶有`const`的默認 `import`,因為更難讀取和使用代碼完成進行導入。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad, harder to read, harder to import with code completion
const MyComponent = () => {
return <div>Hello World</div>;
};
export default MyComponent;
// ✅ Good, easy to read, easy to import with code completion
export function MyComponent() {
return <div>Hello World</div>;
};
```
### 屬性
Create the type of the props and call it `(ComponentName)Props` if there's no need to export it.
Use props destructuring.
```tsx
// ❌ Bad, no type
export const MyComponent = (props) => <div>Hello {props.name}</div>;
// ✅ Good, type
type MyComponentProps = {
name: string;
};
export const MyComponent = ({ name }: MyComponentProps) => <div>Hello {name}</div>;
```
#### Refrain from using `React.FC` or `React.FunctionComponent` to define prop types
```tsx
/* ❌ - Bad, defines the component type annotations with `FC`
* - With `React.FC`, the component implicitly accepts a `children` prop
* even if it's not defined in the prop type. This might not always be
* desirable, especially if the component doesn't intend to render
* children.
*/
const EmailField: React.FC<{
value: string;
}> = ({ value }) => <TextInput value={value} disabled fullWidth />;
```
```tsx
/* ✅ - Good, a separate type (OwnProps) is explicitly defined for the
* component's props
* - This method doesn't automatically include the children prop. If
* you want to include it, you have to specify it in OwnProps.
*/
type EmailFieldProps = {
value: string;
};
const EmailField = ({ value }: EmailFieldProps) => (
<TextInput value={value} disabled fullWidth />
);
```
#### JSX元素中無單一變量參數展開
避免在JSX元件中使用單一變量展開,例如 `{...props}`。 此做法通常導致代碼可讀性降低,維護難度增加,因為不清楚組件接收了哪些參數。 此做法通常導致代碼可讀性降低,維護難度增加,因為不清楚組件接收了哪些參數。
```tsx
/* ❌ - Bad, spreads a single variable prop into the underlying component
*/
const MyComponent = (props: OwnProps) => {
return <OtherComponent {...props} />;
}
```
```tsx
/* ✅ - Good, Explicitly lists all props
* - Enhances readability and maintainability
*/
const MyComponent = ({ prop1, prop2, prop3 }: MyComponentProps) => {
return <OtherComponent {...{ prop1, prop2, prop3 }} />;
};
```
理由:
- 一目了然,可以清楚地知道傳遞了哪些參數,從而使其更容易理解和維護。
- 它有助於防止組件之間因過於緊密的參數耦合。
- 列出參數可以使查找拼寫錯誤或未使用的參數更容易通過Lint工具辨識。
## JavaScript
### 使用空值合併運算符 `??`
```tsx
// ❌ Bad, can return 'default' even if value is 0 or ''
const value = process.env.MY_VALUE || 'default';
// ✅ Good, will return 'default' only if value is null or undefined
const value = process.env.MY_VALUE ?? 'default';
```
### 使用可選鏈接運算符 `?.`
```tsx
// ❌ Bad
onClick && onClick();
// ✅ Good
onClick?.();
```
## TypeScript
### 使用`type`而非`interface`
始終使用`type`而非`interface`,因為它們幾乎總是重疊且`type`更具靈活性。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad
interface MyInterface {
name: string;
}
// ✅ Good
type MyType = {
name: string;
};
```
### 使用字符串字面值替代枚舉
[字符串字面值](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types)是TypeScript中處理類枚舉值的首選方法。 這些內容更容易擴展,并且在使用Pick和Omit時提供更好的開發體驗,尤其是在代碼完成方面。 這些內容更容易擴展,并且在使用Pick和Omit時提供更好的開發體驗,尤其是在代碼完成方面。
你可以在[這裡](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#enums)看到TypeScript為何建議避免使用枚舉。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad, utilizes an enum
enum Color {
Red = "red",
Green = "green",
Blue = "blue",
}
let color = Color.Red;
```
```tsx
// ✅ Good, utilizes a string literal
let color: "red" | "green" | "blue" = "red";
```
#### GraphQL和內部庫
您應該使用GraphQL代碼生成的枚舉。
使用內部庫時最好使用枚舉,這樣內部庫就無需公開與內部API無關的字符串字面值類型。
示例:
```TSX
const {
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope,
goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope,
} = usePreviousHotkeyScope();
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope(
RelationPickerHotkeyScope.RelationPicker,
);
```
## 樣式
### 使用StyledComponents
使用[styled-components](https://emotion.sh/docs/styled)對組件進行樣式設計。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad
<div className="my-class">Hello World</div>
```
```tsx
// ✅ Good
const StyledTitle = styled.div`
color: red;
`;
```
用"Styled"為前綴以區別"實際"組件的樣式組件。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad
const Title = styled.div`
color: red;
`;
```
```tsx
// ✅ Good
const StyledTitle = styled.div`
color: red;
`;
```
### 主題設計
為大多數組件的樣式運用主題是首選方法。
#### 計量單位
避免在樣式組件中直接使用`px`或`rem`值。 所需的值通常在主題中已經定義了,因此建議利用主題來達到這些目的。 所需的值通常在主題中已經定義了,因此建議利用主題來達到這些目的。
#### 顏色
避免引入新顏色;相反地,使用來自主題的現有調色板。 如果有調色板不對應的情況,請留下評論以便團隊解決。 如果有調色板不對應的情況,請留下評論以便團隊解決。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad, directly specifies style values without utilizing the theme
const StyledButton = styled.button`
color: #333333;
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 400;
margin-left: 4px;
border-radius: 50px;
`;
```
```tsx
// ✅ Good, utilizes the theme
const StyledButton = styled.button`
color: ${({ theme }) => theme.font.color.primary};
font-size: ${({ theme }) => theme.font.size.md};
font-weight: ${({ theme }) => theme.font.weight.regular};
margin-left: ${({ theme }) => theme.spacing(1)};
border-radius: ${({ theme }) => theme.border.rounded};
`;
```
## 強制不使用類型導入
避免類型導入。 要強制執行此標準,ESLint規則檢查並報告任何類型導入。 這有助於保持TypeScript代碼的一致性和可讀性。
```tsx
// ❌ Bad
import { type Meta, type StoryObj } from '@storybook/react';
// ❌ Bad
import type { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react';
// ✅ Good
import { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react';
```
### 為何不使用類型導入
- **一致性**:通過避免類型導入並對類型和值導入使用單一方法,代碼庫在其模塊導入風格上保持一致。
- **可讀性**:不使用類型導入提高了代碼可讀性,因為它清楚地表明您何時正在導入值或類型。 This reduces ambiguity and makes it easier to understand the purpose of imported symbols. This reduces ambiguity and makes it easier to understand the purpose of imported symbols.
- **Maintainability**: It enhances codebase maintainability because developers can identify and locate type-only imports when reviewing or modifying code.
### ESLint規則
An ESLint rule, `@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports`, enforces the no-type import standard. 此規則會為任何類型導入違規情況生成錯誤或警告。
Please note that this rule specifically addresses rare edge cases where unintentional type imports occur. TypeScript itself discourages this practice, as mentioned in the [TypeScript 3.8 release notes](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-8.html). In most situations, you should not need to use type-only imports.
To ensure your code complies with this rule, make sure to run ESLint as part of your development workflow.