---
title: Segment-Based Targeting
description: Target specific audiences with filters
icon: Users
---

## Overview

Segments are dynamic groups of contacts based on filters. Use them to send targeted campaigns or trigger workflows when contacts enter/exit segments.

## Create a segment

1. Go to **Segments** → **Create Segment**
2. Name: `Premium Users`
3. Description: `Users on premium or enterprise plan`

## Add filters

### Simple filter

Filter by a single field:

- Field: `plan`
- Operator: `equals`
- Value: `premium`

All contacts where `plan` equals `premium` are in this segment.

### Multiple filters (AND logic)

All conditions must be true:

- `plan` equals `premium`
- **AND** `subscribed` equals `true`
- **AND** `lastLoginAt` within `30` days

Only premium users who are subscribed AND logged in recently.

### Multiple filters (OR logic)

Any condition can be true:

- `plan` equals `premium`
- **OR** `plan` equals `enterprise`

Users on either premium or enterprise plan.

### Complex filters (AND + OR)

Combine both:

- `subscribed` equals `true`
- **AND** (`plan` equals `premium` **OR** `plan` equals `enterprise`)

Subscribed users on premium OR enterprise plans.

## Filter operators

### Equals

Exact match:
- `plan` equals `premium`
- `country` equals `United States`

### Not equals

Everything except:
- `plan` not equals `free`
- `status` not equals `cancelled`

### Contains

Partial text match:
- `email` contains `@gmail.com`
- `companyName` contains `Inc`

### Greater than / Less than

Numeric comparisons:
- `mrr` greater than `100`
- `age` less than `30`
- `loginCount` greater than `10`

### Exists / Does not exist

Field has any value:
- `phoneNumber` exists
- `referralCode` does not exist

### Within

Time-based (requires ISO date):
- `signupDate` within `7` days
- `lastLoginAt` within `30` days
- `trialExpiresAt` within `3` days

## Example segments

### Active users

Users who logged in recently:

- `lastLoginAt` within `7` days
- **AND** `subscribed` equals `true`

### High-value customers

Users spending over $100/month:

- `mrr` greater than `100`
- **AND** `plan` is not `free`

### Trial expiring soon

Users whose trial ends in 3 days:

- `trialExpiresAt` within `3` days
- **AND** `plan` equals `trial`

### Inactive users

Haven't logged in for 30+ days:

- `lastLoginAt` within `30` days is `false`
- **AND** `subscribed` equals `true`
- **AND** `status` equals `active`

**Note:** To check "NOT within", set the within filter and toggle the NOT operator.

### Power users

High engagement score:

- `loginCount` greater than `50`
- **AND** `featureUsageCount` greater than `100`

### Geographic targeting

Specific country or region:

- `country` equals `United States`
- **AND** `state` equals `California`

### Feature adopters

Used a specific feature:

- Custom event filter: `feature_used` triggered
- **AND** event data: `featureName` equals `advanced_analytics`

## Use segments in campaigns

### Target a segment

1. Create campaign
2. Audience: Select **Segment**
3. Choose your segment
4. Campaign sends only to contacts in that segment

### Preview count

Before sending, see how many contacts match:
- Shows estimated recipient count
- Updates in real-time as you adjust filters

## Use segments in workflows

### Trigger on segment entry

Create workflow that runs when contacts enter a segment:

1. **Workflows** → **Create Workflow**
2. Trigger: Segment `trial_expiring_soon`
3. Trigger condition: Contact **enters** segment
4. Add email: Trial expiration reminder

When a contact enters "trial_expiring_soon" segment, workflow triggers.

### Trigger on segment exit

Run workflow when contacts leave a segment:

1. Trigger: Segment `active_users`
2. Trigger condition: Contact **exits** segment
3. Add workflow: Re-engagement sequence

When user becomes inactive (exits "active_users"), re-engagement starts.

## Track membership changes

Enable to trigger events when contacts enter/exit:

1. Edit segment
2. Toggle **Track Membership**
3. Save

Now when contacts move in/out of the segment:
- Event `segment_entry_[segment_id]` is tracked
- Event `segment_exit_[segment_id]` is tracked
- Can use these events in other workflows

**Performance note:** Only enable for segments you'll use for triggers. Adds processing overhead.

## Segment best practices

**Keep it simple**
- 3-5 filters per segment max
- Avoid deeply nested conditions
- Test with expected contacts

**Use consistent data**
- Store dates as ISO strings
- Use numbers for numeric values
- Consistent field naming

**Name clearly**
- ✅ `Premium Users - Active`
- ❌ `Segment 1`

**Monitor size**
- Check segment count regularly
- Too large = slow processing
- Too small = not enough data

## Update segments

Segments update automatically:
- When contact data changes
- When contacts are added/removed
- Typically updates within minutes

Force refresh:
1. Go to segment
2. Click **Refresh Count**

## Advanced: Multi-level targeting

### Premium users in specific region

- `plan` equals `premium`
- **AND** `country` equals `United States`
- **AND** `lastLoginAt` within `7` days

### Churn risk scoring

- `lastLoginAt` within `30` days is `false`
- **AND** `supportTickets` greater than `3`
- **AND** `npsScore` less than `7`

### Upsell targeting

- `plan` equals `free`
- **AND** `featureUsageCount` greater than `50`
- **AND** `teamSize` greater than `5`

Users on free plan who are power users with teams (good upsell candidates).

## Performance at scale

Segments work efficiently with millions of contacts:

- Indexed queries for fast filtering
- Cursor-based pagination
- Background count computation

**Tips for large segments:**
- Use specific filters (avoid `contains` on large text fields)
- Store commonly queried data as top-level fields
- Use numeric comparisons when possible (faster than text)

## Troubleshooting

**Segment count is 0 but should have contacts**
- Check filter logic (AND vs OR)
- Verify field names match exactly (case-sensitive)
- Ensure contacts have the required fields
- Try simpler filters to debug

**Segment not updating**
- Click **Refresh Count** to force update
- Check that contact data was actually updated
- Segments typically update within 5 minutes

**Workflow not triggering on segment entry**
- Workflow is enabled
- Track Membership is enabled on segment
- Trigger is set to segment entry (not exit)

**Too many contacts in segment**
- Filters too broad
- Add more specific conditions
- Use AND logic instead of OR

## Next steps

- [Send a campaign](/tutorials/newsletter-campaign) to a segment
- [Build a workflow](/tutorials/welcome-series-workflow) triggered by segment changes
- [Track events](/tutorials/event-tracking-integration) to update contact data