---
title: Visual Workflow Builder
description: Build workflows with drag-and-drop
icon: Workflow
---

## Overview

The workflow builder is a node-based visual editor for creating email automation. Each node is a step (send email, delay, condition, etc.) and connections define the flow.

## Canvas controls

- **-** / **+** - Zoom out/in
- **Fit** - Center and zoom to show entire workflow
- **Auto-Layout** - Automatically arrange nodes
- **Minimap** - Toggle overview map (bottom right)

## Step types

### Trigger

The starting point. Every workflow has one trigger.

**Types:**
- Event (e.g., `user_signed_up`)
- Segment entry/exit
- Schedule (cron)

Cannot be deleted.

### Send Email

Sends an email to the contact.

**Configuration:**
- Template (required)
- Variables (optional overrides)

Contact must be subscribed for marketing templates. Transactional templates send regardless.

### Delay

Pauses execution for a specified time.

**Configuration:**
- Duration: Number
- Unit: Minutes, Hours, or Days

**Example:** Delay 24 hours before next email.

### Wait for Event

Pauses until an event occurs or timeout is reached.

**Configuration:**
- Event name
- Timeout duration (optional)

**Requires two outgoing connections:**
- Event triggered path
- Timeout path

**Example:**
```
[Wait for: purchase_completed, timeout: 48h]
├─ Purchased → Send thank you
└─ Timeout → Send discount reminder
```

### Condition

Branches workflow based on contact data.

**Configuration:**
- Field to check
- Operator (equals, contains, greaterThan, etc.)
- Value to compare

**Requires two outgoing connections:**
- True path
- False path

**Example:**
```
[Condition: plan equals "premium"]
├─ True → Send premium features
└─ False → Send upgrade offer
```

### Webhook

Sends HTTP request to external URL.

**Configuration:**
- URL
- Method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
- Headers (optional)
- Body (JSON, optional)

**Example:** Update CRM when workflow completes.

### Update Contact

Updates contact data fields.

**Configuration:**
- Fields: Key-value pairs

**Example:**
```
Fields:
  onboardingCompleted: true
  lastWorkflowStep: "welcome_series_done"
```

### Exit

Ends workflow execution. Can have multiple exit points for different paths.

## Building a workflow

### Add a step

**Method 1:** Click **+** button below any node

**Method 2:** Drag step type from sidebar onto canvas

### Configure a step

1. Click node to select
2. Right panel opens
3. Fill required fields
4. Save

### Connect steps

Connections auto-create when using + button. To manually connect:
1. Drag from node's bottom handle
2. Drop on another node's top handle

### Arrange layout

Click **Auto-Layout** for automatic top-to-bottom arrangement.

## Example workflows

### Linear sequence

```
[Trigger: user_signed_up]
    ↓
[Send: Welcome]
    ↓
[Delay: 24h]
    ↓
[Send: Feature tour]
    ↓
[Exit]
```

### With condition

```
[Trigger: trial_started]
    ↓
[Send: Welcome]
    ↓
[Condition: plan equals "enterprise"]
    ├─ True → [Send: Enterprise onboarding]
    └─ False → [Send: Standard onboarding]
```

### With event wait

```
[Trigger: cart_abandoned]
    ↓
[Delay: 1h]
    ↓
[Send: First reminder]
    ↓
[Wait for: purchase_completed, timeout: 23h]
    ├─ Purchased → [Exit]
    └─ Timeout → [Send: Discount offer] → [Exit]
```

## Validation

The builder validates in real-time. Red border = error.

**Common errors:**
- "No outgoing connections" → Add connection to next step
- "Wait for Event requires two paths" → Add event + timeout paths
- "Condition requires true and false paths" → Add both paths
- "Template not found" → Select valid template

## Testing

### Manual execution

1. **Workflows** → Your workflow → **Executions**
2. **Create Execution**
3. Select test contact
4. Provide test data (JSON)
5. **Start**

Watch execution progress in real-time.

### Faster testing

For testing delays:
- Temporarily change to 5 minutes instead of days
- Test the flow
- Change back to real durations

## Keyboard shortcuts

| Key | Action |
|-----|--------|
| Delete | Delete selected node |
| Cmd/Ctrl + Z | Undo |
| Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + Z | Redo |
| + / - | Zoom |
| F | Fit to screen |
| Esc | Deselect |

## Troubleshooting

**Workflow not triggering**
- Workflow is enabled (toggle ON)
- Event name matches exactly (case-sensitive)
- Contact exists and is subscribed

**Execution stuck**
- Check delay configuration
- Verify wait timeout hasn't expired
- No circular references

**Email not sending**
- Template exists
- Contact is subscribed
- Variables in data match template

## Best practices

**Keep it simple** - 5-10 steps per workflow. Break complex flows into multiple workflows.

**Descriptive names** - "Send Welcome Email - Day 0" not "Email 1"

**Test first** - Always test with a test contact before enabling.

**Space emails** - Minimum 12-24 hours between emails to avoid fatigue.

## Next steps

- [Build your first workflow](/tutorials/welcome-series-workflow)
- [Workflow patterns](/automation-patterns/workflow-patterns)
- [Conditional branching](/automation-patterns/conditional-branching)